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Stem cell opportunity

Maryland poised to lead after ban on federal funding for embryonic research lifted, but that's just a start

February 20, 2009|By Curt I. Civin and E. Albert Reece

In the near future, President Barack Obama is widely expected to lift the ban on federal funding for human embryonic stem cell research, which has been in place since 2001 and has limited federal funding to only 21 existing lines. Lifting the ban is an important first step - but it is mostly symbolic. Unless it leads to a significant increase in funding for rebuilding the infrastructure this field needs to mature, it is likely to have little tangible effect. This would be very unfortunate, because the field of regenerative medicine - which utilizes stem cells, among other tools, to understand disease processes and to repair damaged organs - is ripe for development.

Little federal research has been conducted on human embryonic stem cells over the past eight years. In 2007, for example, the federal government allocated a mere $41 million to this research, compared with approximately $400 million invested by the states last year. The federal funding ban made it extremely difficult to attract young or new researchers to stem cell research, while prompting many established investigators to look elsewhere to conduct their work. The lack of progress in embryonic stem cell research has held back venture capital investment in this field as well.

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Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell in the body, whereas adult stem cells can change into only a limited number of cell types. Thus, the lack of progress in embryonic stem cell research has created a major bottleneck in developing understanding of and potential treatments for many diseases not currently treatable by adult stem cell therapies.

The Food and Drug Administration recently approved the first U.S. human clinical trial using embryonic stem cells as a therapy for spinal cord injuries. Research has already demonstrated that embryonic stem cells can regenerate nerves and restore limited movement in the limbs of paralyzed rats. Animal studies also suggest that stem cells have the potential to improve the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of a broad range of other human disorders and diseases, including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. One of the most exciting applications of stem cells may be for growing new tissues and organs for transplantation.

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